Designing a Logging Framework

Design a production-grade, thread-safe logging framework similar to Log4j or slf4j that supports five log levels (DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL) with priority-based filtering. The system must handle asynchronous logging operations to prevent I/O blocking, support multiple concurrent output destinations (console, file, database) with independent formatting strategies, implement logger hierarchy with level inheritance and additivity for propagation, and demonstrate Chain of Responsibility pattern for multi-destination logging. Each log message must include timestamp, level, thread name, logger name, and message content.